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	<title>〈公司管理〉彙整頁面 - 華宇企管-45年專業顧問團隊</title>
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	<title>〈公司管理〉彙整頁面 - 華宇企管-45年專業顧問團隊</title>
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		<title>特別休假使用的幾個注意事項</title>
		<link>https://aheadmaster.com/2212283-2/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[華宇 企管]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Dec 2022 05:21:14 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[華宇原創]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[人力資源]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[人資]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[公司管理]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[特休]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[組織績效]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>年終將近，喜迎新年度的到來，各地皆有舉辦跨年活動，廣大的上班族也可著手進行慰勞自己辛苦工作一整年的活動，讓身心靈休息沉澱後再出發，同時也可思考新年度如何在工作與休假中取得平衡，妥善運用本身的特別休假。</p>
<p>〈<a href="https://aheadmaster.com/2212283-2/">特別休假使用的幾個注意事項</a>〉這篇文章最早發佈於《<a href="https://aheadmaster.com">華宇企管-45年專業顧問團隊</a>》。</p>
]]></description>
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									<p>年終將近，喜迎新年度的到來，各地皆有舉辦跨年活動，廣大的上班族也可著手進行慰勞自己辛苦工作一整年的活動，讓身心靈休息沉澱後再出發，同時也可思考新年度如何在工作與休假中取得平衡，妥善運用本身的特別休假。</p>								</div>
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									<p>勞工擁有多少天數的特別休假，則依勞動基準法第38條規定，視勞工服務於該企業工作年資所符合之條件而定，從3天到至多30天為止。至於特別休假使用之期間，依勞動基準法施行細則第24條規範，有週年制、曆年制、學年制、會計年度制，或勞雇雙方約定年度之期間等各種方式。唯採用何種方式來計算特別休假期間，可依實際營運與管理需求，採取較合適之方式實施。</p>								</div>
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									<p>企業在日常實務運作上，常遇到員工所擁有之特別休假未能於當年度使用完畢之情況，此時應如何處理呢？首先，雇主應將勞工未休完之特別休假以折算代金之方式處理，並且在勞資雙方約定之發薪日當天，或年度結算後30天內發給。若勞方提出後經由勞資雙方協議，未休完之特別休假以遞延至次年度之方式處理，則遞延之期限可依雙方之約定期限而定，如三個月；期滿經雙方協商亦可再次延長，唯最長期間以一年為限。又若約定期限已屆，原遞延之特別休假仍未使用完畢，此時，剩餘之特休時數必須按照原特別休假年度終結時應發給工資之基準，以折現方式發放予勞工。</p>								</div>
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									<p>前述勞資雙方約定之型式，因牽涉企業管理與勞工使用休假權利，建議勞資雙方須有書面協議之文件，勿僅為單方面之公告或通知，造成勞資雙方認知上的差異，引發不必要的勞資糾紛，徒爭紛擾。</p>								</div>
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									<p>此外，採取曆年制計算特別休假之企業，如遇到員工離職，其特別休假之實際天數，必須以週年制方式重新計算；意即以員工到職日再次核算該員工應有之天數，以避免可能少給予員工特別休假日數之情形出現。實務上，常有企業忽略此狀況，因而引發勞資爭議，此為企業須特別留意的地方。</p>								</div>
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									<p>最後要提醒的方面，新的年度開始，雇主應告知勞工年度內特別休假可休日數；特別休假之使用以勞工排定為原則，雇主不可逕自排定，如雇主基於營運求需調整，必須經由勞資協議後，方可為之。雇主如有違反相關規定，被檢舉經查證屬實，將被依法裁處新臺幣2萬元以上100萬元以下罰鍰，並公布事業單位名稱及負責人姓名；而且雇主須補付勞工工資，未補付者，可連續處罰，導致嚴重影響公司名譽與形象，企業經營者不可不慎。</p>								</div>
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									<p><strong>華宇企管<span style="color: #00ccff"> 李名田</span></strong><br />華宇企管 勞資顧問師<br />高苑科大企管系”人力發展專業人員”學程業師</p><p><strong>專長：</strong></p><p style="padding-left: 40px">1.勞動相關法規建議與諮詢<br />2.勞資爭議調解 、工會協商與談判、團體協約<br />3.人資制度優化。<br />4.勞動條件、薪酬福利、大量解僱處理、就業歧視認定、性別工作平等、職業災害認定<br />5.外藉移工事務</p><p><strong>輔導實績：</strong><br />華新麗華LED光電事業處、力成科技、元晶太陽能、達運光電、永信容器工業….等企業。</p>								</div>
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		<p>〈<a href="https://aheadmaster.com/2212283-2/">特別休假使用的幾個注意事項</a>〉這篇文章最早發佈於《<a href="https://aheadmaster.com">華宇企管-45年專業顧問團隊</a>》。</p>
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		<title>道路車輛安全標準的最新發展(三)</title>
		<link>https://aheadmaster.com/%e9%81%93%e8%b7%af%e8%bb%8a%e8%bc%9b%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%99%bc%e5%b1%95%e4%b8%89/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[華宇 企管]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Dec 2022 01:14:55 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[華宇新訊]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fmea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IATF 16949]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[品質管理系統]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[國際驗證]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[失效模式與影響分析]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[華宇原創]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>高端技術都可能存在許多風險，為降低這些風險，ISO（國際標準化組織）與國際電工委員會（IEC）密切合作，參考 IEC 61508《電氣／電子／可程式電子安全相關系統的功能安全》標準，經歷多年的研擬與討論，終於 2011 年 11 月發佈 ISO 26262：2011《道路車輛功能安全...</p>
<p>〈<a href="https://aheadmaster.com/%e9%81%93%e8%b7%af%e8%bb%8a%e8%bc%9b%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%99%bc%e5%b1%95%e4%b8%89/">道路車輛安全標準的最新發展(三)</a>〉這篇文章最早發佈於《<a href="https://aheadmaster.com">華宇企管-45年專業顧問團隊</a>》。</p>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium"><b>車聯網帶動的商機與隱憂</b></h3>				</div>
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									<p>這些年來因應提升道路安全、行車效率、節能減碳，以及發展智慧城市的市場需求，加速推動車聯網市場的發展，並與行動通訊、資訊系統、交通產業的深度融合，加上 5G 和 AI 技術及自動駕駛汽車的發展，「車聯網」將成為產業化腳步最快的應用市場。根據高盛（Goldman Sachs）預估，2020 年全球汽車車聯網市場規模僅 7.92 億美元，到了 2035 年將突破 324.35 億美元，而眾所注目的 5G 蜂巢式車聯網車款，有望於 2023 至 2024 年放量生產，整體聯網汽車全球出貨量可望於 2028 年突破 3,300 萬輛。</p><p>然而，這股風潮背後所引發的「網絡安全（Cybersecurity）」議題，也逐漸被業界重視。有鑑於此，世界各國於近幾年相繼發展智慧車輛的相關標準，如美國國家公路交通安全管理局 （NHTSA）於 2016 年發佈的《現代車輛網絡安全最佳實踐》與 2017 年發佈的《自動駕駛系統 2.0》、英國標準協會於 2018 年發佈的《汽車網絡安全基礎指引－規格書》、歐盟網絡安全局 （ENISA）於 2017年發佈的《智能汽車的網絡安全和適應性 》， 顯而易見地， 車輛網路安全已成為國際組織主要關注的議題。而致力於汽車安全標準的 ISO（國際標準化組織）與 SAE（Society of Automotive Engineers，即國際汽車工程師學會）組成的聯合工作小組，亦於 2021 年完成 ISO／SAE 21434 國際標準，以解決汽車產業的網絡安全問題。</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span style=", Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 18px">&lt;b</b></span><span style=", Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 18px"><b>ISO 21434 的介紹與章節說明</b></span></h3>				</div>
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									<p>SO／SAE 21434：2021《道路車輛－網路安全工程》標準由 IS／TC 22／SC 32（電氣與電子零件以及一般系統組）參考 SAE J3061：2016 開發而成，已於 2021 年 8 月發佈，其內容涵蓋道路車輛電氣和電子系統的概念、產品開發、生產、操作、服務及除役，適用於其發佈後開發或修改的量產道路車輛之電子電氣系統，包括其組件和接口。</p><p>這項標準另一個重要的核心，就是針對威脅分析與風險評估方法提出說明，目標是要讓車輛在早期的產品設計開發時，就能識別潛在的威脅與安全漏洞。同時，該標準也定義了一個框架，涵蓋網路安全過程的要求，並建立溝通與網路安全風險管理的共通語言。</p><p>簡而言之，推動這項標準的目的，就是為了確保現代的汽車產業，從設計開發、生產到生產後的整個生命周期，都應具有安全設計，重視風險管理，並能涵蓋到整個供應鏈。</p><p>該標準在每項條款中都有要求產出對應的文件，例如在概念階段，為識別產品中的網路安全風險，須產出網路安全概念的驗證報告；在產品開發階段，須產出完善的網路安全規範、開發後期的網路安全要求，完善的網路安全規範的驗證報告；而在網路安全驗證階段，須產出驗證規範與驗證報告。因此，當客戶要求實施 ISO／SAE 21434 來確保運作程度，在每個產品生命週期的每個階段，產出必要的文件，並透過相應的風險控制方法來實作。</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium">IS<b>O 21434 的主要章節架構如下：</b></h3>				</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium"><b>總結</b></h3>				</div>
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									<p>道路安全攸關所有人，我們每天出門，行進於通往公司、學校及滿足生活需求的道路。然而，我們的交通系統仍然過於危險，透過道路車輛安全相關標準的認證，相信未來機車、客車、卡車、巴士等只要安裝車路整合相關設備，就能提前接收到危險路段、事故位置、施工區、彎道、行人通行等預警提醒，以降低肇事率 ，提升行車安全。或許在不久的將來，我們幾乎見不到車輛碰撞，塞車景象不再，達到運輸效率最高、耗能最低的境界，並同時達成世界各國淨零排放之目標。</p>								</div>
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									<p><em>資料來源：<a style="font-size: 1rem;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;background-color: #ffffff" href="https://www.bellcert.com/">貝爾官網</a></em></p><p>參考來源：</p><p>● <a href="https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20220323ind001/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20220323ind001/</a></p><p>● <a href="https://linchew.com/2021/04/cybersecurity-trends-for-automotive/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://linchew.com/2021/04/cybersecurity-trends-for-automotive/</a></p><p>● <a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/70918.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.iso.org/standard/70918.htm</a></p><p>● <a href="https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/147884" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/147884</a></p><p>● <a href="https://www.who.int/zh/news/item/30-06-2022-new-political-declaration-to-halve-road-traffic-deaths-and-injuries-by-2030-is-a-milestone-achievement" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.who.int/zh/news/item/30-06-2022-new-political-declaration-to-halve-road-traffic-deaths-and-injuries-by-2030-is-a-milestone-achievement</a></p>								</div>
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                                    華宇原創｜如何聰明安排企業年度行事曆
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		<p>〈<a href="https://aheadmaster.com/%e9%81%93%e8%b7%af%e8%bb%8a%e8%bc%9b%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%99%bc%e5%b1%95%e4%b8%89/">道路車輛安全標準的最新發展(三)</a>〉這篇文章最早發佈於《<a href="https://aheadmaster.com">華宇企管-45年專業顧問團隊</a>》。</p>
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		<title>道路車輛安全標準的最新發展(二)</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[華宇 企管]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov 2022 08:00:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[華宇新訊]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fmea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IATF 16949]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[公司管理]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[品質管理系統]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[國際驗證]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[失效模式與影響分析]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[華宇原創]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>高端技術都可能存在許多風險，為降低這些風險，ISO（國際標準化組織）與國際電工委員會（IEC）密切合作，參考 IEC 61508《電氣／電子／可程式電子安全相關系統的功能安全》標準，經歷多年的研擬與討論，終於 2011 年 11 月發佈 ISO 26262：2011《道路車輛功能安全...</p>
<p>〈<a href="https://aheadmaster.com/%e9%81%93%e8%b7%af%e8%bb%8a%e8%bc%9b%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%99%bc%e5%b1%95%e4%ba%8c/">道路車輛安全標準的最新發展(二)</a>〉這篇文章最早發佈於《<a href="https://aheadmaster.com">華宇企管-45年專業顧問團隊</a>》。</p>
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									<p>以前的汽車設計以機械工程為主，當車子故障時，基本上都是機構零組件的問題，但現在多數汽車都加裝了多套的電子輔助系統，主要的目的是讓行車更安全，例如：電子輔助煞車系統、電子輔助轉向系統、自動煞車系統、自動轉向照明系統等，都是透過電子系統來輔助駕駛，避免行車安全問題。</p><p>然而，這些高端技術都可能存在許多風險，為降低這些風險，ISO（國際標準化組織）與國際電工委員會（IEC）密切合作，參考 IEC 61508《電氣／電子／可程式電子安全相關系統的功能安全》標準，經歷多年的研擬與討論，終於 2011 年 11 月發佈 ISO 26262：2011《道路車輛功能安全》，該標準定義了所有汽車電子與電氣安全相關系統的功能安全，涵蓋整個系統的生命週期，包括開發、生產、運作、服務及除役，適用於 3.5T 以下的汽車所搭載之電子電氣系統，包含硬體元件及軟體元件。</p><p>ISO 26262 與 IEC 61508 類似，採用汽車安全完整性等級（ASIL）評估風險，制定安全對策來控制或避免系統性失效，及偵測或控制隨機性的硬體失效，以減少其所造成的影響。ISO 26262 規定汽車 OEM 和供應商從制定規格到生產上市都必須遵循功能安全開發流程，開發過程皆須詳實記錄，以確保合規性，藉由 ISO 26262 執行嚴格的評估，汽車製造商（OEM）與供應商可確保汽車或相對應系統的整體安全，避免因安全隱患而導致高價產品召回及聲譽損害的後果。</p><p>由於技術不斷地更新與快速發展，ISO 26262：2011 標準的內容已不敷產業所需，加上各國專家多年的實務經驗累積，發現仍有許多可完善之處，因此 ISO 技術委員會 ISO／TC 22／SC 32 於 2015 年開始起草，在 2018 年 12 月完成更新並發佈 ISO 26262：2018，改版後的適用範圍除了包含原本的汽車，還包含卡車、公共汽車及摩托車，應用範圍更為全面。</p><p>在此提醒讀者，ISO 26262 是針對產品來進行認證而非針對公司流程來進行認證，但進行認證之先決條件為公司具備流程管控的能力，因此公司須具備 ISO 9001 或 ISO／TS 16949 方能進行 ISO 26262 認證。</p><p>以下簡單說明 ISO 26262：2018 的章節架構，該標準分為 12 個章節，其中 10 個章節是規範（Part 1-9 以及 Part 12），Part 10 和 Part 11 是指引：</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><span style=", Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 18px"><b>ISO 26262</b></span><span style=", Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 18px"><b>：2018 的改版重點：</b></span></h3>				</div>
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									<p>1. 新版的適用範圍延伸到非機動車以外的所有路上載具，如卡車、公共汽車及摩托車等，但不涉及特殊車輛所搭載的電子系統 。</p><p>2. 新版標準的章節新增 Part 11 半導體應用指引，具體說明半導體的相關要求，因舊版 Part 5 對於硬體階段的要求多為整體上的，很難顧及到半導體方面，因此需要針對半導體應用另列章節說明，如半導體的基本故障率（base failure rates）在舊版中散佈於各章節，在新版中已被合併到第 11 部分第 4.6 條「半導體的基本故障率」中 。</p><p>3. 舊版注重失效安全系統（Fail-safe system）註 1，隨著智能聯網汽車的快速發展，新版標準同時注重失效安全系統與失效可操作的系統（Fail-operational system）註 2。</p><p>4. 新版標準增加 Part 12 摩托車的應用，而卡車與公共汽車的特殊要求則分別列入舊版的各章節中。</p><p>5. 相較於舊版，新版在標準條款中的用詞更加精確，相關措施的說明也更為明確。</p><p>#想接著了解 ISO／SAE 21434《道路車輛－網路安全工程》介紹與章節說明，請詳見&#8221;</p>								</div>
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									<p>註 1：失效安全系統 ：是指任何故障發生時，系統會處在安全狀態，通常只影響可用性，不會造成人員傷亡的系統。</p><p>註 2：失效可操作的系統：是指當其重要或主要零件或模組損壞時，仍可完成最終重要動作的系統。</p>								</div>
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									<p><em>資料來源：<a style="font-size: 1rem;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;background-color: #ffffff" href="https://www.bellcert.com/">貝爾官網</a></em></p><p>參考來源：</p><p>● <a href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565684" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565684</a></p><p>● <a href="https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries</a></p><p>● <a href="https://www.secutech.com/edm/stmb_17110602/" target="_self">https://www.secutech.com/edm/stmb_17110602/</a></p><p>● <a href="https://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=12644" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=12644</a></p><p>● <a href="https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/147884" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/147884</a></p><p>● <a href="https://www.synopsys.com/zh-tw/taiwan/Blog/what-is-iso-26262.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.synopsys.com/zh-tw/taiwan/Blog/what-is-iso-26262.html</a></p><p> </p>								</div>
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		<p>〈<a href="https://aheadmaster.com/%e9%81%93%e8%b7%af%e8%bb%8a%e8%bc%9b%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%99%bc%e5%b1%95%e4%ba%8c/">道路車輛安全標準的最新發展(二)</a>〉這篇文章最早發佈於《<a href="https://aheadmaster.com">華宇企管-45年專業顧問團隊</a>》。</p>
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		<title>道路車輛安全標準的最新發展(一)</title>
		<link>https://aheadmaster.com/20221130-2/</link>
					<comments>https://aheadmaster.com/20221130-2/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[華宇 企管]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Nov 2022 05:46:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[華宇新訊]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fmea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IATF 16949]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[公司管理]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[品質管理系統]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[國際驗證]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[失效模式與影響分析]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>為改善行車安全並降低車禍死亡與受傷事故，美國交通部率先於 2016 年底宣布啟動立法程序，強制要求美國所有在 2021 年出廠的新車都必須安裝 V2V（Vehicle – to – Vehicle）車載通訊設備，美國政府亦積極推動車聯網相關技術的發展。</p>
<p>〈<a href="https://aheadmaster.com/20221130-2/">道路車輛安全標準的最新發展(一)</a>〉這篇文章最早發佈於《<a href="https://aheadmaster.com">華宇企管-45年專業顧問團隊</a>》。</p>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium">道路車輛安全成為全球關注議題</h3>				</div>
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									<p>根據世界衛生組織發佈的《2018 年全球道路安全狀況報告》，全世界每年因道路交通事故死亡的人數高達 135 萬人，自發明汽車以來，世界上已有 5000 多萬人死於道路交通事故，這超過了第一次世界大戰或一些最嚴重全球流行病的死亡人數。此外，還有 2000 萬至 5000 萬人遭受非致命傷害，其中有許多人因此殘疾。</p><p>道路交通傷害給個人、家庭及整個國家帶來巨大的經濟損失。這些損失包括死傷者的治療費用，也包括死者、因傷殘疾者以及照顧傷者的家人所喪失的勞動力。每年大多數國家因道路交通碰撞造成的損失占國內生產總值的 3 % 左右。以台灣為例，2013 年因車禍死傷的社會損失，包括醫療、維修、保險、賠償等費用，竟高達新台幣 4748 億元，占台灣該年度 GDP 的 3.1 %，相較於 2010 年調查的 3817 億元，損失增加了將近 1000 億元 。</p><p>為此，聯合國大會於 2020 年 9 月通過一項決議，宣佈《2021 – 2030 年道路安全行動十年》之全球計畫，並承諾 2030 年達成道路交通死亡與受傷人數減少 50 % 的宏偉目標，世衛組織總秘書長譚德塞博士說，「交通應促進健康與福祉，保護環境，造福所有人。這需要政府最高層領導者發揮重大主導作用 ， 根據該政治宣言採取行動，實現該願景 。」</p><p>《2021 – 2030 年道路安全行動十年》之全球計畫強調，道路安全責任遠遠超出衛生與交通範疇，必須對道路安全採取綜合辦法，呼籲持續改進城市、道路及車輛的設計，城市規劃人員與工程師必須將安全作為所有交通基礎設施的核心考慮因素，企業則可透過在整個價值鏈落實安全優先原則的方式來推動與改善道路安全，政府機構制定並執行與重要風險有關的法律，提昇公眾意識，以及為道路交通碰撞受害者及時提供可挽救生命的緊急護理，促進有利於安全步行、騎自行車及公共交通的交通政策和道路設計，打造一個安全無虞的交通環境。</p><p>為改善行車安全並降低車禍死亡與受傷事故，美國交通部率先於 2016 年底宣布啟動立法程序，強制要求美國所有在 2021 年出廠的新車都必須安裝 V2V（Vehicle – to – Vehicle）車載通訊設備，美國政府亦積極推動車聯網相關技術的發展。</p>								</div>
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					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium"><span style=", Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-weight: 700">車輛安全標準的發展</span></h3>				</div>
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									<p>隨著車載通訊技術的發達，行車電腦能自動根據其他車輛或系統發送出來的資訊，提醒駕駛人及時地反應以避免發生交通事故。以往人們對於車輛安全的認知，在於提高車子本身結構的安全性；未來的科技則著重在事故可能發生前的立即動作，降低事故發生的機會。由於行車安全相關議題攸關性命，對於安全相關的標準制定就顯得非常重要，因此促成道路車輛相關國際標準的誕生。</p><p>現行汽車產業安全標準可區分成三大面向，分別為功能安全（Functional Safety）、品質（Quality）及資訊與網路安全（Information &amp; Cyber Security）。功能安全之國際標準有汽車產業熟悉的 ISO 26262《道路車輛功能安全》與仍在開發的 ISO／PAS 21448《道路車輛預期功能安全》等；品質管理系統標準有 ISO 9001、IATF 16949等；資訊與網路安全之標準則包含 ISO 27001 以及 2021 年發佈的 ISO／SAE 21434《道路車輛－網路安全工程》。針對 2018 年改版的 ISO 26262 與去年發佈的新標準 ISO／SAE 21434 進行簡單的介紹與重點說明，我們將在&#8221;道路車輛安全標準的最新發展(二)中與大家分享。</p>								</div>
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									<p><em>資料來源：<a style="font-size: 1rem;font-style: inherit;font-weight: inherit;background-color: #ffffff" href="https://www.bellcert.com/">貝爾官網</a></em></p>								</div>
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